Shah Abbas revitalized the Safavid regime by all of the following means EXCEPT
a. Forging alliances with the Ottomans against Europeans
b. Expelling the Portuguese from Hormuz
c. Increasing the use of gunpowder weapons
d. Promoting trade to other lands
Shah Abbas revitalized the Safavid regime by all of the following means except "a. Forging alliances with the Ottomans against Europeans" since this would have negatively affected trade and domestic resources.
