The hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled x in the structure below is sp2.
One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 orbitals, each of which has 33% s character and 67% p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. When three groups of electrons surround an atom, this form of hybridization is necessary.
One electron in the s orbital is promoted to one of the 2p atomic orbitals as part of the sp2 hybridization, which is the mixing of one s and two p atomic orbitals. These two atomic orbitals combine to form three new hybrid orbitals that are equally energetic. The energy of the hybrid orbitals is higher than the energy of the s orbital, lower than the energy of the p orbitals, but closer to the energy of the p orbitals. Trigonal structures are produced by the newly generated hybrid orbitals, giving the molecule a 120-degree molecular geometry.
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