For every adenine on one strand of DNA, there is a thymine on the opposing strand of DNA. For every cytosine on one strand of DNA, there is a guanine on the opposing strand of DNA. This is because DNA strands are complementary with each other.
The hereditary substance in humans and almost all other organisms is DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Almost every cell in a person's body contains the same DNA. The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but a small amount can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondria are cell structures that convert food energy into a state that cells can use.
DNA stores information as a code composed of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA is made up of approximately 3 billion bases, with more than 99 percent of those bases being the same in all people.
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