(a).
Let us call the score on the fifth test a, then the average of the five tests is
[tex]\frac{85+85+78+80+a}{5}=\frac{328+a}{5}[/tex]To get a grade of B, this average score must be greater than or equal to 80 and less than 90. In mathematical notation we can write this statement as
[tex]80\leq\frac{328+a}{5}<90[/tex]Now, we need to solve the inequality for a. Solving for a gives
[tex]72\leq a<120[/tex]Which is the range of scores required on the fifth test.
The least score of 72 ensures that you can earn a B.
(b)
If we count the fifth test as two tests then we have the inequality
[tex]80\leq\frac{328+2a}{6}<90[/tex]Solving it gives us
[tex]76\leq a<106[/tex]The least score that you need on the fifth and sixth test must be 76.