Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA.
What is RNA?
RNA, an abbreviation of ribonucleic acid, complex compound of high molecular weight that functions in cellular protein synthesis and replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses. RNA consists of ribose nucleotides (nitrogenous bases appended to a ribose sugar) attached by phosphodiester bonds, forming strands of varying lengths. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, which replace thymine in DNA.
structure of RNA
RNA is normally a biopolymer with a single strand. The ribonucleotide chain is folded into complex structural shapes with bulges and helices as a result of intrachain base-pairing and the presence of self-complementary sequences in the RNA strand. As a result of the ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases' capacity to be changed in a variety of ways by cellular enzymes that attach chemical groups (such as methyl groups) to the chain, the three-dimensional structure of RNA is essential to its stability and function. These alterations make it possible for chemical connections to develop between far-flung areas of the RNA strand, resulting in intricate twists in the RNA chain that further solidify the RNA structure. Weakly stabilized and modified structural molecules are easily degraded.
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