If all external costs were internalized, then the market's output would be q4. Reducing externalities is encouraged through internalization through pricing strategies. The objective is to close the gap between individual costs and the collective cost of various journeys. If demand remains constant, price will increase and quantity requested will decrease as external costs are internalized.
The activity that creates external advantage is priced cheap and the quantity sought is too low for it to be efficient when there is external benefit. Requiring producers to include cost of the externalities generated during production of their output in their production costs.
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