The Yankee (American) whaling ships began appearing in Spanish California at an increasing rate, driven by their desire for all of the following, except:
a. good harbors to repair ships and take on fresh supplies.

b. to exchange goods from New England for local produce.

c. to engage in the lucrative sea otter fur trade.

d. to establish permanent trading posts with Spanish settlements.

Spanish control over Alta California was ended by the

a. Yuma massacre

b. death of Father Serra

c. Mexican Revolution.

d. establishment of Fort Ross.

Governor Figueroa's secularization orders stipulated that

a. half of the mission lands and livestock would be left to the Indians.

b. all of the mission land and livestock would be left to the Indians.

c. all mission cattle could be killed by the missionaries.

d. Mariano Vallejo would administer the entire program.

Under the period of rule from Mexico, all of the following are true except:

a. land grants increased in size vastly from that of the Spanish era.

b. foreigners were allowed to settle if they converted to Catholicism and took an oath

of allegiance to the Mexican government.

c. Ranchos flourished mainly through the hide and tallow trade.

d. Californios were much more loyal to Mexico City than they had been to Spain.

During the Mexican period, the real political control of society was held by

a. Mexican governors.

b. prominent ranchero families.

c. Franciscan missionaries.

d. peninsulares

By the 1820s, American trading interests primarily focused on California's:

a. sea otter pelts.

b. fur seal pelts.

c. hides and tallow.

d. wheat.

Under the period of rule from Mexico, all of the following are true except:

a. land grants increased in size vastly from that of the Spanish era.

b. foreigners were allowed to settle if they converted to Catholicism and took an oath

of allegiance to the Mexican government.

c. Ranchos flourished mainly through the hide and tallow trade.

d. Californios were much more loyal to Mexico City than they had been to Spain.

The most important political issue in California during the 1820s and 1830s was

a. the threat of a British take-over of San Francisco.

b. the establishment of schools for Californio youths.

c. the intrusion of American settlers and traders.

d. the secularization of the missions.

Vaqueros on the Ranchos included large numbers of:

a. Mexican settlers.

b. Male California Indians.

c. old Spanish peninsulares

d. American newcomers to the province

Overland migration to California from the United States was:

a. at its peak in the 1820s.

b. made easier by Hastings Emigrant Guide.

c. declining by the 1840s.

d. stimulated by reports from American traders, mountain men, and sailors.