Artificial blood is used to substitute natural oxygen transporters. Disadvantages are toxicity, vasoconstriction, infection, pathogen affections, among others.
When talking about artificial blood, we are referring to an oxygen transporter.
Many of the blood substitutes are still being developed and studied, but basically, artificial blood accomplishes the hemoglobin functions by taking oxygen to different tissues.
Blood substitutes
Among the blood substitutes, we can find
→ Erythrocyte substitutes,
→ Platelet substitutes,
→ Plasma substitutes
Erythrocyte substitutes: Hemoglobin solutions.
- Used to substitute erythrocytes
- The sources of hemoglobin are of human or animal origin
Disadvantages:
- Nephrotoxicity ⇒ contamination with cellular debris, iron, and free heme group.
- Cardiovascular effects ⇒ vasoconstriction, increase in the arterial tension and decrease in cardiac output
- Generation of toxic radicals ⇒ release of oxygen radicals
Erythrocyte substitutes: Perfluorocarbons.
- These are fluorinated emulsions and compounds.
- Hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine.
Disadvantages:
- Toxicity ⇒ patient exposed to a high oxygen concentration environment
- Decreased clearance of pathogens ⇒ Potential blockage of the reticulum endothelial system
So disadvantages are toxicity, vasoconstriction, infection, pathogen affections.
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