The fetus receives all its nutrients and oxygen through the placenta. Therefore, fetal lungs are non-functional, as far as pulmonary circulation is concerned. It only needs to receive enough blood to sustain growth. There are a couple of features in the fetal cardiovascular system to shunt the blood away from the lungs and only provide enough for sustenance and keep most blood in general circulation. Which two structures in fetal circulation aid in bypassing the pulmonary circulation

The fetal circulation, the fetal heart doesn't pump much blood to the liver and the lungs. This is because it receives nutrients from the mother through the placenta.

Two of the structures that shunts blood away from the heart are:

ductus venosus: When blood enters the placenta through the umblical vein, it passes through the ductus venosus, mainly bypassing the liver.

ductus arteriosus : The deoxygenated blood from the head region of the fetus is pumped through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and then mainly through the ductus arteriosus into the descending aorta, then through the two umbliical arteries back into the placenta.

The above described features bypasses blood away from the lungs through ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus.

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