Answer:
The term is "dipole".
Explanation:
Dipole is a general term which defines a pair of equal and opposite charge separated by a certain distance.
In chemical world, due to electronegativity difference or due to movement of pi and lone pair of electrons, sometimes an atom at one end of molecule acquires a positive charge (partial or complete) and the atom at other end of bond acquires a negative charge. The charges are equal and opposite and are separated by a bond distance. So this is called as dipole.
