a) Potential difference needed: 10,000 V
b) Because the potential difference in the house is maximum 230 V
Explanation:
a)
The relationship between current, potential difference and resistance in a conductor is given by Ohm's law:
[tex]V=RI[/tex]
where
V is the potential difference
R is the resistance
I is the current
The resistance of the human body is estimated to be as high as [tex]100,000 \Omega[/tex] for a dry body and as low as [tex]1000 \Omega[/tex] for a wet body: in this problem, we use a value in the middle,
[tex]R=10,000 \Omega[/tex]
Therefore, the potential difference needed to produce a current of
[tex]I=1 A[/tex]
is
[tex]V=(10,000)(1)=10,000 V[/tex]
b)
Here we want to estimate if it is likely or not to get injured by an electric current in a house.
The amount of current that can be fatal is [tex]I=1 A[/tex]. From part a), we saw that in order to produce this current through the human body, a potential difference of
[tex]V=10,000 V[/tex]
is needed.
However, the electricity that reaches the houses and then is connected to the household appliances has a potential difference of
V = 230 V
This value is much lower than 10,000 V, therefore the electricity in the house is unlikely to cause injures to human body.
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