Answer:
A. Women have always been a vital and central part of literature.
Explanation:
This is an excerpt from "A Room of one's Own" by Virginia Woolf (1882 – 28 March 1941). Although, the text has no underlines words/phrases, it is still easy to identify what the author's point of view about women's place in literature is.
Options B, C and D are totally incorrect, as Lady Macbeth is not at all heroic however she is no doubt a vital and central part of the story. Cleopatra too might not be called heroic.
Option C can be negated because not all women are portrayed negatively in literature. Example of Rosalind (who is portrayed positively and heroic as well) in this excerpt proves this statement wrong.
Option D is also incorrect because there is no such thing as literary controversy described in this excerpt.