Answer: Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
Given that,
Money supply increases (M) = 12 percent
Velocity decreases (V) = 4 percent
Price level increases (P) = 5 percent
Real GDP (Y) = ?
According to the quantity theory of money,
Percent Change in M + Percent Change in V = Percent Change in P + Percent Change in Y
12% - 4% = 5% + Percent Change in Y
Percent Change in Y = 8% - 5%
= 3%
Therefore, change in real GDP must be 3%.