Respuesta :
Explanation:
NaCl is an ionic compound as bond between sodium and chlorine is formed by transfer of electrons.
Bonding in [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] molecule is covalent as it is formed by sharing of electrons. Thus, in [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] molecule both the chlorine atoms are held together by weak Vanderwaal forces.
In [tex]CH_{3}Cl[/tex], there will be dipole-dipole interaction between the molecules due to difference in electronegativity between [tex]CH_{3}[/tex] and Cl atom.
In [tex]CH_{3}COOH[/tex], there will be dipole-dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding between the atoms.
Thus, we can conclude that increasing strength of intermolecular attractions will be as follows.
[tex]Cl_{2} < CH_{3}Cl < CH_{3}COOH < NaCl[/tex]
The order of increasing strengths of intermolecular attractions is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} < {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{Cl}} < {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}} < {\text{NaCl}}}[/tex]
Further Explanation:
Intermolecular forces
The forces existing between the molecules or the neighboring particles are known as intermolecular forces. Such forces include both attractive as well as repulsive forces.
Classification of intermolecular forces:
1. Dipole-dipole attraction
As is clear from its name, this force exists between two dipoles. When the charged part of one polar molecule interacts with the oppositely charged part of another polar molecule, dipole-dipole attractions come into play. Hydrogen fluoride and carbon dioxide show this type of attractions between them.
2. Ion-dipole forces:
This force arises between an ion and a neutral molecule, consisting of a dipole. This type of force is considerable for solutions of ionic compounds in polar solvents.
3. Ion-induced dipole forces:
When an ion induces a dipole in any non-polar molecule, ion-dipole forces exist. As a result the distribution and arrangement of electrons in non-polar molecule get disturbed.
4. Dispersion forces:
These forces exist between atoms and molecules. The force in [tex]{{\text{F}}_2}[/tex] molecule is a dispersion force. These are also known as Vander Waals forces or London forces.
5. Hydrogen bonding:
The force that takes place between a more electronegative atom and hydrogen is known as hydrogen bonding. N, O, F are highly electronegative in nature and therefore capable to form hydrogen bonds with hydrogen.
Ionic Bond
It is formed electrons are completely transferred from metals to non-metals, resulting in the formation of ions. Metal loses its electrons and become positively charged ions known as cations. Non-metals gain electrons and become negatively charged ions known as anions. Ionic bond is formed by the interaction of metals and non-metals. It is the strongest bond among the rest of the bonds.
Sodium, being a metal, loses its electrons and these electrons are accepted by chlorine, resulting in the formation of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex] ions. The attractive force between the ions results in the formation of an ionic bond in NaCl.
In [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] molecule, both the bonded atoms are the same (Cl) so only dispersion or Vander waals forces exist in this molecule. It is the weakest intermolecular forces among the rest forces.
In [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{Cl}}[/tex], Cl is more electronegative atom than carbon and hydrogen. So electronegativity difference exists in this molecule and therefore dipole-dipole attractions are present in it.
In [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex], O is highly electronegative atom and hydrogen is also present in this molecule so hydrogen bonding exists in [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}[/tex].
Therefore the order of increasing strengths of intermolecular attractions is as follows:
[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} < {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{Cl}} < {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}} < {\text{NaCl}}[/tex]
Learn more:
- Number of covalent bonds formed by nitrogen: https://brainly.com/question/6029316
- Which pair will form covalent bond?: https://brainly.com/question/1126757
Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Ionic and covalent bonding
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: ammonia, NH3, hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, ion-induced dipole.
