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Frameshift or missense mutation.

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Due to the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion can change the reading frame, resulting in a completely different translation from the original. 
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The type of mutation that is responsible for new variations of a trait is the point, missense mutation.

  • A mutation is any alteration in the nucleotide (DNA) sequence of the genome of an organism.

  • Mutations can be divided into somatic (body) mutations, which cannot be inherited, and germinal (gamete) mutations which can potentially be inherited and thus contribute to the genetic variation in a population.

  • A missense mutation is a single nucleotide mutation (single nucleotide polymorphism) that generates in a different codon, which codes a different amino acid.

  • Since a missense mutation is a single nucleotide polymorphism, it is also called a point mutation.

In consequence, the type of mutation that is responsible for new variations of a trait is the point, missense mutation.

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