Let V be the set of vectors of the form < a1, a2 > where vector addition and scalar multiplication are defined as follows:
a) Addition: < a1, a2 > + < b1, b2 > = < a1 + b1, a2 + b2 >
Scalar Multiplication: c * < a1, a2 > = < c * a1, c * a2 >
b) Addition: < a1, a2 > + < b1, b2 > = < a1 - b1, a2 - b2 >
Scalar Multiplication: c * < a1, a2 > = < c * a1, c * a2 >
c) Addition: < a1, a2 > + < b1, b2 > = < a1 * b1, a2 * b2 >
Scalar Multiplication: c * < a1, a2 > = < c * a1, c * a2 >
d) Addition: < a1, a2 > + < b1, b2 > = < a1 * b1, a2 * b2 >
Scalar Multiplication: c * < a1, a2 > = < c * a1, c * a2 >